To include the gravity in the same framework we need some new physics not yet discovered or experimented. This makes very difficult to adapt the symmetry idea to that force and we do not know if in reality also gravity is part of the same force or not. Gravity talks about space and time, and today nobody knows how to describe the gravity in terms of particles. The discussion is completely different for the gravity. We expect to found one day that these three forces are in reality only one. The same theory is today applied to the strong interaction and the scientists are on the good track to understand which symmetry is generating that force and how this is connected to the electromagnetic symmetry and the weak symmetry. On some book it is called electroweak force. In fact, the electromagnetic force on a test particle of mass m and charge q in the linear approximation is the same as the inertial force experienced by the free particle with. The similarity between Newton’s law of gravitation and Coulomb’s law of electricity. Today we should call this force electromagneticweak force. The analogy between gravitation and electromagnetism has a long history. More than this, the weak interaction is of the same nature of the electromagnetic force and at high energy the symmetry is the same. Scientist applied the same idea to the weak force and discovered that the symmetry of that force can be completed with three different particles, #W^+#W^-# and #Z^0#. This was a great discovery because it was the first time that we obtained a force as expression of something purely mathematical. So two electrons and a photon are together symmetric and we call this electromagnetic force. Then if you add the piece missing in the equation, you discover that the missing part represents another particle that we call photon. They are not perfectly symmetric, something is missing. So, for example, two electrons together can almost be symmetric under a special symmetry that we call U(1). The scientists discovered that some of the symmetries does not belong to a single particle but needs groups of particles. For example all the particles are symmetric under the transformations discovered by Einstein in the Special Theory of Relativity (called transformation of Lorentz because Lorentz discovered them before, but Einstein applied them to the dynamics). Today we know that the particles are symmetric under very precise set of transformations. We call this symmetry, because the equations are symmetric under the transformation that sends my observation point from the front to the back. If we describe the motion of a particle looking it from the front or from the back of its motion, the motion will be the same. Gravity is always attractive, it never repels. While, magnetism has to do with magnetic materials and the strength is determined by orientation, distance, and magnetic material used. Gravity is the gravitational force exerted by The Earth on any object.The four forces are electromagnetic, nuclear weak, nuclear strong and gravitational.īetween the '30s and the ''70s physicists realised that the forces are the expression of something deeper in the nature: symmetries. Gravity is determined by an objects mass the greater the mass, the higher the gravitational force. Also one should get the difference between gravitational force and gravity. Note:The electromagnetic force is a force that acts between charged particles and is a combination of electrical and magnetic forces. The total electromagnetic force F acting on a charged particle is called the Lorentz force (after the Dutch physicist Hendrik A. Lorentz force is the force acting on a charged particle \that is moving with velocity \in an electric field \ and magnetic field\. The electromagnetic force, also called the Lorentz force. The electromagnetic force can be attractive or repulsive. This force acts between the charged particles and is due to the combination of all magnetic and electrical forces acting. We have from then statement if \, where \ is the Gravitational constant.Įlectromagnetic force: The electromagnetic force is a one type of interaction which occurs between particles which are electrically charged. The size of the mass should be finite, meaning its size should be much larger than molecular size. This law states that each particle attracts another particle with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Gravitational force: Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation is used for the explanation of gravitational force. Gravitational force is a weaker force than Electromagnetism. Electromagnetic force-t is exerted by a magnet. Hint:Electro-magnetic force is a fundamental force, while gravitational force is a fictitious force.
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